安裝好基本的系統環境後,把網路環境設定好。
接著新增安裝來源到 /etc/apt/sources.list:
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
然後加入下面這段
------分隔線-----------------
# debian mirror - taiwan
deb http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian etch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian etch main contrib non-free
------分隔線-----------------
這是台灣的 Debian 官方 mirror 站台。
然後跑一下 update 後就可以準備開始安裝。
sudo aptitude update
首先把 xorg xfce 兩個先裝起來,基本的 xwindow 環境就有了。
sudo aptitude install xorg xfce4
接著把 xwindow 設定一下,順便弄好中文介面。
首先開啟 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 編輯一下顯卡的設定,
這邊以 ATI X700 顯卡為設定對象。
(若無自動安裝顯卡驅動 ATI 顯卡建議使用 xserver-xorg-video-ati)
sudo vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf
尋找 Section "Device" 區段,然後更改如下:
------分隔線-----------------
Driver "radeon"
Option "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps" "true"
Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "true"
Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
Option "EnablePageFlip" "true"
Option "DRI" "true"
Option "ColorTiling" "true"
Option "AccelMethod" "XAA"
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
------分隔線-----------------
接著尋找 Section "ServerLayout" 區段並新增:
------分隔線-----------------
Option "AIGLX" "on"
------分隔線-----------------
並在檔案最後加上下面區段:
------分隔線-----------------
Section "Extensions"
Option "Composite" "Enable"
EndSection
------分隔線-----------------
OK,至此顯卡的設定部份已完成,
其中部份參數為將來安裝 Beryl 所需。
接下來下載中文字型,建議不需安裝官方來源的文鼎字型,
改由 Opendesktop 字型替代更為美觀。
由 ftp://ftp.opendesktop.org.tw/odp/ODOFonts/OpenFonts
下載 opendesktop-fonts-1.4.2.tar.gz,
解壓縮將所得到的 .ttf 與 .ttc 檔案複製到字型目錄裡。
"wget ftp://ftp.opendesktop.org.tw/odp/ODOFonts/OpenFonts/opendesktop-fonts-1.4.2.tar.gz"
"tar -xzf opendesktop-fonts-1.4.2.tar.gz"
"sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/truetype/openfonts"
"sudo cp opendesktop-fonts-1.4.2/*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype/openfonts/"
"sudo cp opendesktop-fonts-1.4.2/*.ttc /usr/share/fonts/truetype/openfonts/"
這樣便安裝「文鼎PL新中楷」與「文鼎PL新宋」字型。
接著另外安裝一下文泉驛中文點陣字型與 unifont,
這在一些需要點陣字型的程式中會較美觀 Ex. qt/Gtk。
sudo aptitude install xfonts-wqy unifont
最後下個 sudo fc-cache -v -f 把剛剛安裝的字型掛上就好了。
安裝好中文字型接著就是中文輸入法,這邊以 scim 的新酷音輸入法為主。
sudo aptitude install scim-chewing
這樣整體上基本的中文桌面環境就大致上完成,
剩下的就是依照個人需求安裝所需的程式了。
附註:於 scim 中安裝嘸蝦米輸入法
必須要有嘸蝦米的輸入法表格,可於所購買的嘸蝦米輸入法磁片中獲得,
複製出 unix 目錄中的 liu5.cin 到 home 目錄中,然後執行下面動作:
iconv -f big5 -t utf8 liu5.cin -o liu5.cin.utf8
然後修改 liu5.cin.utf8 的檔案內容,
從檔案一開頭至 %chardef begin 這一行為止全部刪除以下面取代:
------分隔線-----------------
### File header must not be modified
### This file must be encoded into UTF-8.
### This file comes from xcin module.
SCIM_Generic_Table_Phrase_Library_TEXT
VERSION_1_0
### Begin Table definition.
BEGIN_DEFINITION
### An unique id to distinguish this table among others.
### Use uuidgen to generate this kind of id.
UUID = 3d872a7a-760e-400c-8b23-688d38390e81
### A unique number indicates the version of this file.
### For example the last modified date of this file.
### This number must be less than 2^32.
SERIAL_NUMBER = 20040922
ICON = /usr/share/scim/icons/liu5.png
### The default name of this table
NAME = Liu5
### The local names of this table
NAME.zh_CN = 嘸蝦米
NAME.zh_TW = 嘸蝦米
NAME.zh_HK = 嘸蝦米
### Supported languages of this table
LANGUAGES = zh_TW,zh_HK,zh_CN,zh_SG
### Prompt string to be displayed in the status area.
STATUS_PROMPT = 中
### If true then the first candidate phrase
### will be selected automatically during inputing.
AUTO_SELECT = FALSE
### If true then a multi wildcard will be appended
### at the end of inputing string automatically.
AUTO_WILDCARD = TRUE
### If true then the result string will be committed to client automatically.
### This should be used with AUTO_SELECT = TRUE.
AUTO_COMMIT = FALSE
### If true then the inputed string will be automatically splitted during inputing.
AUTO_SPLIT = TRUE
### If true then the phrases' frequencies will be adjusted dynamically.
DYNAMIC_ADJUST = TRUE
### If true then the preedit area will be filled up by the current candidate phrase automatically.
AUTO_FILL = FALSE
### If true then the lookup table will always be shown if there is any candidate phrase.
### Otherwise the lookup table won't be shown unless the user requires it by moving the preedit caret left.
ALWAYS_SHOW_LOOKUP = TRUE
### Use full width punctuation by default
DEF_FULL_WIDTH_PUNCT = TRUE
### Use full width letter by default
DEF_FULL_WIDTH_LETTER = FALSE
### The maxmium length of a key.
MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 4
### Valid input chars.
VALID_INPUT_CHARS = ,.'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz[]
### Single wildcard char, can have multiple chars.
SINGLE_WILDCARD_CHAR = ?
### Multi wildcard char.
MULTI_WILDCARD_CHAR = *
### The key strokes to split inputed string.
SPLIT_KEYS = space
### The key strokes to commit the convert result to client.
COMMIT_KEYS = space
### The key strokes to forward the inputed string to client.
FORWARD_KEYS = Return
### The key strokes to select candidiate phrases.
SELECT_KEYS = space,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0
### The key strokes to page up the lookup table.
PAGE_UP_KEYS = Page_Up
### The key strokes to page down the lookup table.
PAGE_DOWN_KEYS = Page_Down,space
END_DEFINITION
### Begin Table data.
BEGIN_TABLE
------分隔線-----------------
接著將檔案結尾最後一行的 %chardef end 取代成為 END_TABLE,
然後存檔,再執行下面指令:
sudo aptitude install scim-modules-table
sudo scim-make-table liu5.cin.utf8 -b -o liu5.bin
最後在 scim 的設定視窗中->泛用對照表->管理對照表,
點選安裝按鈕,然後選取剛才所產生的 liu5.bin 即可安裝完成。
完成後必須重新啟動 scim 就可以正常使用嘸蝦米。
- May 08 Tue 2007 22:07
Debian 4 桌面環境建置備忘(一)。
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